Tendencias del consumo de bebidas azucaradas en docentes y estudiantes universitarios / Trends in the consumption of sugary drinks in teachers and university students

Fundamentos: Se evaluó las tendencias del consumo de bebidas azucaradas en estudiantes y docentes universitarios de Ibarra, Ecuador. Métodos: El estudio fue transversal, cuanti-cualitativo. Participaron 1224 estudiantes y docentes de la Universidad Técnica del Norte, Ecuador; con edades entre 19 -51 años, 45,3% hombres y 54,7% mujeres, de las cinco facultades existentes. Se realizó un muestreo no probabilístico aleatorio simple y una encuesta. Se aplicó la prueba de Fisher para la frecuencia de consumo por género y ocupación; y la prueba de Cramer, para rangos de edades y facultad. Resultados: Los estudiantes mostraron la prevalencia más alta en el consumo de bebidas azucaradas, los mayores consumidores fueron los grupos etarios entre 15 a 39 años. La prevalencia de consumo estuvo por encima del 60% en todos los grupos. Conclusiones: Se observó una alta tendencia al consumo de bebidas azucaradas, independientemente del sexo, edad y grupo. Lo que sugiere que no concientizan los peligros potenciales del efecto del consumo de estas bebidas sobre la salud

Background: The trends in the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages in university students and teachers in Ibarra, Ecuador were evaluated. Methods: The study was cross-sectional, quantitative-qualitative. 1224 students and teachers participated from the Universidad Técnica del Norte, Ecuador; with ages between 19 -51 years, 45.3% men and 54.7% women, of the five existing faculties. A simple random non-probabilistic sampling and a survey were conducted. The Fisher's test was applied for the frequency of consumption by gender and occupation; and the Cramer test, for ages and faculties. Results: Students showed the highest prevalence in the consumption of sugary beverages; the largest consumers were the age groups between 15 and 39 years. The prevalence of consumption was above 60% in all groups. Conclusions: There was a high tendency to consume sugary drinks, regardless of sex, age and group. This suggests that they do not raise awareness of the potential dangers of the effect of consuming these beverages on health

Efecto del consumo de jugo de tomate de árbol (Cyphomandra betacea) sobre el perfil lipídico y las concentraciones de glucosa en adultos con hiperlipidemia, ecuador / Effect of consumption of tree tomato juice (Cyphomandra betacea) on lipid profile and glucose concentrations in adults with hyperlipidemia, ecuador

En este trabajo se evaluó el efecto del consumo del jugo de tomate de árbol (Cyphomandra betacea) sobre parámetros nutricionales y bioquímicos en 54 voluntarios (44 mujeres y 10 hombres) con edades 45±8 años de Ecuador. Al inicio se les realizó una evaluación nutricional y bioquímica, luego se les invitó a consumir el jugo (100g de fruto en 150 ml de agua) diariamente durante 6 semanas. Finalizado este tiempo, se procedió a realizar la evaluación nutricional y bioquímica nuevamente. La evaluación nutricional determinó 67% de obesidad abdominal. Disminuyendo a 53% después del consumo del jugo de tomate de árbol. El 87% de los voluntarios antes del tratamiento, mostraron hipercolesterolemia; 40,7% y 46,3% tenían los triglicéridos y el LDL elevados y 18,5% valores de glucosa entre 98-130mg/dL. Valores que disminuyeron significativamente en este grupo después de la toma del jugo En general, tanto en voluntarios con y sin sobrepeso se observó disminución significativa de colesterol total, LDL y glucosa; sin cambios significativos en los valores de HDL. El consumo del jugo no afectó la actividad de las enzimas alanina-aminotransferasa ni aspartato-aminotransferasa, tampoco las concentraciones de creatinina, urea y ácido úrico; ni la presión arterial, demostrando que no afecta la función hepática ni renal. Estos resultados indican que el consumo del jugo de tomate de árbol, durante seis semanas, parece ejercer un efecto hipolipemiante y moduladora en el metabolismo de la glucosa y colocan a C betacea como uno de los frutos andinos con alto potencial nutraceutico. Sin embargo, estos aspectos deben ser investigados con más detalles(AU)

In this work the effect of consumption of tree tomato juice (Cyphomandra betacea) was evaluated on nutritional and biochemical parameters in 54 volunteers (44 women and 10 men) aged 45 ± 8 years-Ecuador. A nutritional and biochemical evaluation was performed in volunteers; then they were invited to drink tree tomato juice (100g of fruit in 150 ml of water) daily for 6 weeks. Finished these 6 weeks, volunteers were nutritional and biochemical evaluated again. 67% abdominal obesity was found, decreasing at 53% after drinking the established dosage of juice. 87% of the volunteers before treatment, showed hypercholesterolemia, 40.7% and 46.3% had hypertriglyceridemia and elevated LDL, respectively and 18.5% glucose concentrations between 98-130 mg/dL. These values decrease significantly in this group after drinking tomato juice. In general, Total Cholesterol, LDL and glucose concentrations decrease significantly after drinking tree tomato juice in all the voluntaries with or without overweight. There is no change in HDL concentrations. The consumption of tree tomato juice did not affect the activity of alanine aminotransferase or aspartate aminotransferase enzymes either creatinine, urea and uric acid concentrations, neither blood pressure suggesting that does not affect renal or liver function. These results indicate that consumption of tree tomato juice for six weeks appears to have a lipid-lowering and modulating effect on glucose metabolism, suggesting C betacea as one of the high Andean fruits nutraceutical potential. However, this issue should be investigated in more detail(AU)

Perfil lipídico en embarazadas durante el tercer trimestre según índice de masa corporal y consumo de grasas / Lipid profile in pregnant women during the third quarter according to body mass index and fat intake

Introducción: el embarazo es una condición que implica una adaptación metabólica para suplir los requerimientos del feto en desarrollo. Durante la gestación ocurre un aumento de los lípidos circulantes, lo que conlleva a un incremento en la peroxidación lipídica. En condiciones normales, este fenómeno se ve compensado por una elevación en los sistemas antioxidantes. Objetivo: comparar el perfil lipídico en mujeres embarazadas según el índice de masa corporal y la frecuencia de consumo de grasa. Métodos: se estudiaron 100 mujeres en el tercer trimestre de embarazo en el Hospital San Vicente de Paul de la ciudad de Ibarra en la provincia de Imbabura-Ecuador. Se realizó la medición de peso y talla para el cálculo del índice de masa corporal. Se les aplicó una encuesta de consumo de alimentos y tomó una muestra de sangre para medir los niveles de lípidos circulantes mediante métodos enzimáticos colorimétricos. Resultados: se observó un incremento de los lípidos sanguíneos los cuales se relacionan con la frecuencia de consumo de grasas. Hubo una relación entre el HDL-colesterol y el LDL-colesterol con el consumo de grasas según el índice de masa corporal. Conclusiones: durante los controles obstétricos se debe evaluar la dieta de la embarazada y reforzar la necesidad de disminuir el consumo de grasas e incrementar el consumo de verduras, legumbres y cereales. La cuantificación periódica del perfil lipídico de las gestantes constituye una buena herramienta para el control de los lipídicos cuando estos superen los niveles fisiológicos, contribuyendo en un adecuado control prenatal(AU)

Introduction: Pregnancy is a condition that involves a metabolic adaptation to meet the requirements of the developing fetus. During gestation circulating lipids increase, leading to agrowth in lipid peroxidation. Under normal conditions, this phenomenon is offset by an increase in antioxidant systems. Objective: Compare the lipid profile in pregnant women according to body mass index and frequency of fat intake. Methods: A hundred women were studied in their third trimester of pregnancy. Weight and height were measuredto calculate body mass index. A survey on food consumption was appliedand blood samples were taken to measure levels of circulating lipids by enzymatic colorimetric methods. Results: An increase in blood lipids is observedrelated to the frequency of fat consumption. A ratio of HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol fat intake was found by the body mass index. Conclusions: During controls, obstetricians should evaluate the pregnant diet and reinforce the need to reduce fat intake and increase consumption of vegetables, legumes and cereals. The periodic quantification of the lipid profile of pregnant women is good tool to control lipid when they exceed physiological levels, contributing to an adequate prenatal control(AU)

Effect of consumption of tree tomato juice (Cyphomandra betacea) on lipid profile and glucose con centrations in adults with hyperlipidemia, Ecuador.

In this work the effect of consumption of tree tomato juice (Cypho-mandra betacea) was evaluated on nutritional and biochemical parameters in 54 volunteers (44 women and 10 men) aged 45 ±8 years-Ecuador. A nutritional and biochemical evaluation was performed in volunteers; then they were invited to drink tree tomato juice (IOOg of fruit in 150 ml of water) daily for 6 weeks. Finished these 6 weeks, volunteers were nutritional and biochemical evaluated again. 67% abdominal obesity was found, decreasing at 53% after drinking the established dosage of juice. 87% of the volunteers before treatment, showed -hypercholesterolemia, 40.7% and 46.3% had hypertriglyceridemia and elevated LDL, respectively and 18.5% glucose concentrations between 98-130 mg/dL. These values decrease significantly in this group after drinking tomato juice. In ge- neral, Total Cholesterol, LDL and glucose concentrations decrease significantly after drinking tree tomato juice in all the voluntaries with or without overweight. There is no change in HDL concentrations. The consumption of tree tomato juice did not affect the activity of alanine aminotransferase or aspartate aminotransferase enzymes either creatinine, urea and uric acid concentrations, neither blood pressure suggesting that does not affect renal or liver function. These results indicate that consumption of tree tomato juice for six weeks appears to have a lipid-lowering and modulating effect on glucose metabolism, suggesting C betacea as one of the high Andean fruits nutraceutical potential. However, this issue should be investigated in more detail.

Prevalencia de parámetros nutricionales, bioquímicos y estilos de vida en adultos con fenotipos cardiometabólicos de Imbabura, Ecuador / Nutritional, biochemical parameters and life styles associated with developed of in adults of Imbabura, Ecuador

Introducción: La pandemia de obesidad mundial está siendo influenciada por un ambiente obesogénico que sumado a la presencia de factores genéticos predisponen al desarrollo de fenotipos cardiometabólicos los cuales se manifiestan dependiendo del ambiente nutriogénico y al estilo de vida. Objetivo:: En el presente trabajo se evaluaron los factores nutricionales, bioquímicos y de estilos de vida que se asocian con el desarrollo de fenotipos cardiometabólicos en una población de adultos de Imbabura, Ecuador. Métodos:: Se determinaron parámetros nutricionales, bioquímicos y estilo de vida y se asociaron entre sí. Se calculó la prevalencia de síndrome metabólico (SM); fenotipo de cintura hipertrigliceridemica (CHTG) y de síndrome metabó- lico-cintura hipertrigliceridémica (SM-CHTG). Resultados:. El 69,6% de las personas presentaron sobrepeso y/u obesidad. La obesidad abdominal fue de 59%, (mujeres 60,9%, hombres 57,5 %). el 79,9 % no fuma, el 52,4% no consume bebidas alcohólicas y el 69,6% realiza actividad fí- sica; entre 60-70% manifestó tener buenos hábitos alimentarios. La población presentó hipercolesterolemia (74%) e hipertrigliceridemia (49%). El 36,7% tiene síndrome metabólico (hombres: 39,3 %, mujeres 34,4%). El 42,3% de las mujeres mostraron el fenotipo CHTG y 100% el fenotipo SM-CHTG. Los hombres mostraron 63% de CHTG y 84,9% SM-CHTG. Conclusión: De acuerdo a nuestros resultados, factores ambientales modificables, como fumar y beber licor, actividad física y dieta no son los principales factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de enfermedades cardiometabólica en estas personas. Deben investigarse los genotipos obesogénicos para conocer hasta qué punto pueden influenciar el perfil lipídico observado en la población (AU)

Introduction: The world’s obesity epidemic has been influenced by an obesogenic environment that added to presence of genetic factors produces the developed of cardiometabolic phenotypes which are shown depending of nutrigenetic environment and life styles. Objetive: In this study were evaluated nutritional, biochemical factors and lifestyles associated with the development of cardiometabolic phenotypes in a adults of Imbabura, Ecuador. Materials and Methods: Nutritional, biochemical parameters and lifestyle were determined. Metabolic syndrome (MS) was determined and prevalence of hypertriglyceridemic waist (HTGW) phenotype and metabolic syndrome-hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype (MS-HTGW) was calculated. Results: 69.6% of people showing overweight and/or obesity. Abdominal obesity was 59% (female 60.9%, 57.5% men). The 79.9% do not smoke, 52.4%, not drink alcohol and 69.59% do physical activity; 60-70% have good eating habits. The population presented hypercholesterolemia (74%) and hypertriglyceridemia (49%). MS was showed in 36.7% (men: 39.3%, 34.4% women). The phenotype HTGW was observed in 42.3% of women and they showed 100% MS-HTGW phenotype. Men showed 63% of HTGW-phenotype and 84.9%.of MS-HTGW. Conclusions: According to our results, modifiable environmental factors, such as smoking and drinking liquor, physical activity and diet are not the main risk factors for the development of cardiometabolic disease in these people. It very important to determine obesogenic genotypes in the population (AU)

Marcadores de estrés oxidativo y su relación con el estado nutricional en adultos, Ecuador / Relationships between biomarkers of oxidative stress and nutritional status in adults, Ecuador

Se evaluó la relación entre biomarcadores de estrés oxidativo (ácido úrico, bilirrubina y proteína C-reactiva) con el estado nutricional en 321 adultos de Ecuador, pertenecientes al personal administrativo de la Universidad Técnica del Norte, con edades de 43 ± 10 años, (46,30% femenino y 53,61% masculino). Se obtuvo información sociodemográfica, de estilo de vida y epidemiológica; se calculó el índice de Masa Corporal (IMC), porcentaje de grasa y agua corporal, se midió la circunferencia de la cintura (CC) y la presión arterial y se determinó las concentraciones de ácido úrico, bilirrubina y Proteína C reactiva (PCR). Se encontró que 17,9% de la población presentó obesidad y 51,72% sobrepeso. Los valores más elevados de ácido úrico se encontraron en obesos, hipertensos y en quienes realizan actividad física. La bilirrubina total, directa e indirecta se encontró en límites superiores en los grupos con obesidad abdominal, y con actividad física. Las variables % de grasa y de agua influyen en la PCR en el grupo con baja grasa corporal y en las mujeres. En hombres, la PCR se asocia con IMC y CC. En los grupos sobrepeso, alta grasa corporal y PHT, el ácido úrico mostró relación con el % de grasa y la CC En los obesos con el % de agua e IMC y en los grupos obesidad abdominal e HT se asoció con % de agua y CC Se concluye que el porcentaje de agua corporal es un importante indicador nutricional para el desarrollo de estrés oxidativo en esta población.

In this work it was evaluated the relationship between oxidative stress biomarkers (uric acid, bilirubin and C-reactive protein) with nutritional status in 321 adults of Ecuador, belonging to administrative staff of of the Universidad Tècnica del Norte , aged 43 ± 10 years old (46 30% female and 53.61% male). Socio demographic and epidemiological information and lifestyle were obtained through a survey; The Body Mass Index (BMI) and body fat and body water percentages were calculated; waist circumference (WC) and blood pressure was measured. Determinations of uric acid, bilirubin, and serum C-reactive protein (PCR) were performed. 17.9% of the populations were obese and 51.72% overweight. The highest values of uric acid were found in obese, hypertensive and physical activity groups. The total direct and indirect bilirubin were found in upper limits in abdominal obesity and physical activity groups. The CRP level was influenced by % fat and % water in the low body fat group and in females. In male, BMI and WC were associated with CRP. Uric acid showed relationship with % fat and WC in overweight, high body fat and PHT groups, uric acid was associated with the % water and BMI in obese. Finally, uric acid was associated with % water and the WC in the abdominal obesity, and HT groups’ .The body water percentage is an important indicator to development of oxidative stress in this population.

[Relationships between biomarkers of oxidative stress and nutritional status in adults, Ecuador]. / Marcadores de estrés oxidativo y su relación con el estado nutricional en adultos, Ecuador.

In this work it was evaluated the relationship between oxidative stress biomarkers (uric acid, bilirubin and C-reactive protein) with nutritional status in 321 adults of Ecuador, belonging to administrative staff of of the Universidad Tècnica del Norte, aged 43 ± 10 years old (46 30% female and 53.61% male). Socio demographic and epidemiological information and lifestyle were obtained through a survey; The Body Mass Index (BMI) and body fat and body water percentages were calculated; waist circumference (WC) and blood pressure was measured. Determinations of uric acid, bilirubin, and serum C-reactive protein (PCR) were performed. 17.9% of the populations were obese and 51.72% overweight. The highest values of uric acid were found in obese, hypertensive and physical activity groups. The total direct and indirect bilirubin were found in upper limits in abdominal obesity and physical activity groups. The CRP level was influenced by % fat and % water in the low body fat group and in females. In male, BMI and WC were associated with CRP. Uric acid showed relationship with % fat and WC in overweight, high body fat and PHT groups, uric acid was associated with the % water and BMI in obese. Finally, uric acid was associated with % water and the WC in the abdominal obesity, and HT groups'. The body water percentage is an important indicator to development of oxidative stress in this population.